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How to Build Spring Boot 2.X RESTful CRUD API with Spring Data JPA, Hibernate, Lombok, and MySQL Database in 7 Simple Steps

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In the previous article we have implemented a REST API without using Spring Boot. In this article we are gonna implement RESTful services using Spring Boot in 7 simple steps.

What you’ll build

Spring Boot RESTful services to perform Product CRUD operations

What you’ll need

  • Spring Tool Suite 4
  • JDK 11
  • MySQL Server 8
  • Maven
  • Postman

Tech Stack

  • Spring Boot 2.2.6
  • JDK 11
  • Lombok

Introduction to Lombok

Project Lombok is a Java library tool that is used to minimize boilerplate code and save time during development.

Lombok generates code for model/data objects , for example, it generates getters, setters, equals, hashCode and toString in the “.class” file directly.

The offical lombok website can be found here: https://projectlombok.org/

Let’s Get Started

Step 1: Bootstrap your application

You can initialize your spring boot application with required dependencies as shown below and download it from here.

Import the downloaded project into your favourite IDE like STS or IntelliJ.

Initialize Spring boot application from https://start.spring.io/

Once imported, you should have pom.xml and SpringBootRestCrudApplication class as shown below

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.javachinna</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-rest-crud</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>spring-boot-rest-crud</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot REST API CRUD Operations</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>11</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
					<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

SpringBootRestCrudApplication.java

@SpringBootApplication Indicates a configuration class that declares one or more @Bean methods and also triggers auto-configuration and component scanning. This is a convenience annotation that is equivalent to declaring @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration and @ComponentScan 

package com.javachinna;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootRestCrudApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpringBootRestCrudApplication.class, args);
	}
}

Step 2: Create JPA Domain Entities

@NoArgsConstructor generates a no-args constructor.

@AllArgsConstructor generates an all-args constructor.

@Data generates getters for all fields, a useful toString method, and hashCode and equals implementations that check all non-transient fields. Will also generate setters for all non-final fields, as well as a constructor. Equivalent to @Getter @Setter @RequiredArgsConstructor @ToString @EqualsAndHashCode.

Product.java

package com.javachinna.model;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Data
@Entity
public class Product {
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private Long id;
	private String name;
	private String price;
}

Step 3: Create JPA Repositories

ProductRepository.java

Spring Data JPA provides a repository programming model that starts with an interface per managed domain object

Defining this interface serves two purposes: First, by extending JpaRepository we get a bunch of generic CRUD methods into our type that allows saving Products, deleting them and so on. Second, this will allow the Spring Data JPA repository infrastructure to scan the classpath for this interface and create a Spring bean for it. 

@Repository
public interface ProductRepository extends JpaRepository<Product, Long> {
}

Note: If you want to execute a custom query , then you can define a custom abstract method in the interface and annotate the method with the @Query annotation to define the query that you want to execute. For more information go through Spring Data JPA Documentation.

Step 4: Implement Service Layer

ProductService.java

package com.javachinna.service;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;

import com.javachinna.model.Product;

public interface ProductService {
	Product save(Product product);

	void deleteById(Long id);

	Optional<Product> findById(Long id);

	List<Product> findAll();
}

ProductServiceImpl.java

package com.javachinna.service.impl;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.javachinna.model.Product;
import com.javachinna.repo.ProductRepository;
import com.javachinna.service.ProductService;;

@Service
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {

	@Autowired
	private ProductRepository productRepository;

	@Override
	public Product save(Product product) {
		return productRepository.save(product);
	}

	@Override
	public void deleteById(Long id) {
		productRepository.deleteById(id);
	}

	@Override
	public Optional<Product> findById(Long id) {
		return productRepository.findById(id);
	}

	@Override
	public List<Product> findAll() {
		return productRepository.findAll();
	}
}

Step 5: Create Custom Exception

ResourceNotFoundException.java

@ResponseStatus annotation marks a method or exception class with the status code and reason that should be returned. 

package com.javachinna.exception;

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;

@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)
public class ResourceNotFoundException extends RuntimeException {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	public ResourceNotFoundException() {
		super();
	}

	public ResourceNotFoundException(String message) {
		super(message);
	}

	public ResourceNotFoundException(String message, Throwable cause) {
		super(message, cause);
	}
}

Step 6: Create Controller

ProductController.java

Controller class for exposing the REST API’s. @RestController is a convenience annotation that is itself annotated with @Controller and @ResponseBody.

@GetMapping annotation is used for mapping HTTP GET requests onto specific handler

@PostMapping annotation is used for mapping HTTP POST requests onto specific handler

@PutMapping annotation is used for mapping HTTP PUT requests onto specific handler

@DeleteMapping annotation is used for mapping HTTP DELETE requests onto specific handler

@RequestParam annotation indicates that a method parameter should be bound to a web request parameter

@RequestBody annotation indicates that a method parameter should be bound to the body of the web request. The body of the request is passed through an HttpMessageConverter to resolve the method argument depending on the content type of the request.

@PathVariable annotation indicates that a method parameter should be bound to a URI template variable. 

package com.javachinna.controller;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.DeleteMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.javachinna.exception.ResourceNotFoundException;
import com.javachinna.model.Product;
import com.javachinna.service.ProductService;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j
@RestController
public class ProductController {

	@Autowired
	private ProductService productService;

	@GetMapping("/products")
	public List<Product> getProductList(@RequestParam String consumerKey) {
		log.info("Consumer: {}", consumerKey);
		return productService.findAll();
	}

	@GetMapping("/products/{productId}")
	public Product getProduct(@PathVariable(value = "productId") Long productId) {
		return productService.findById(productId).orElseThrow(() -> new ResourceNotFoundException("productId " + productId + " not found"));
	}

	@PostMapping("/products")
	public String createProduct(@RequestBody Product product) {
		productService.save(product);
		return "Product added";
	}

	@PutMapping("/products/{productId}")
	public String updateProduct(@PathVariable(value = "productId") Long productId, @RequestBody Product product) {
		return productService.findById(productId).map(p -> {
			p.setName(product.getName());
			p.setPrice(product.getPrice());
			productService.save(p);
			return "Product updated";
		}).orElseThrow(() -> new ResourceNotFoundException("productId " + productId + " not found"));
	}

	@DeleteMapping("/products/{productId}")
	public String deleteProduct(@PathVariable(value = "productId") Long productId) {
		return productService.findById(productId).map(p -> {
			productService.deleteById(productId);
			return "Product deleted";
		}).orElseThrow(() -> new ResourceNotFoundException("productId " + productId + " not found"));
	}
}

Step 7: Configure database, hibernate and logger

application.properties 

# Database configuration props
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/rest?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=secret
#spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
 
# hibernate props
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create-drop
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
logging.level.root=info
logging.file.path=D:/logs

Note: spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto property values are none, validate, update, create-drop. The create-drop value is used here for creating the database table during application startup and drop it during shutdown. In production, it’s often highly recommended to use noneor simply don’t specify this property.

Run with Maven

You can run the application using mvn clean spring-boot:run 

Testing the Services

We are gonna use the Postman app for testing the REST services

Add new product

Request

POST /products HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Content-Type: application/json
Cache-Control: no-cache
Postman-Token: 22c286a8-8a12-f9ee-9400-9f7f5413036c

{
"name": "headset",
"price":10
}

Response

Add new product

Update Product

Request

PUT /products/1 HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Content-Type: application/json
Cache-Control: no-cache
Postman-Token: da250557-d76d-f6f7-5db3-2ea80a438acf

{
"name": "sony headset",
"price":15
}

Response

Update product

Get product

Request

GET /products/1 HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Cache-Control: no-cache
Postman-Token: 982a1ef9-9eb9-01fc-ee0f-f875558c28b7

Response

Get product

Get all products

Request

GET /products?consumerKey=tester HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Cache-Control: no-cache
Postman-Token: bf8232b2-1257-8ab5-3bef-a933aebc904f

Response

Get all products

Response: When product not found

Delete Product

Request

DELETE /products/1 HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Cache-Control: no-cache
Postman-Token: 6dedb57a-9001-4380-0cb0-5107fcd66b45
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW

Response

Delete product

Source Code

As always, you can get the source code from the Github below

https://github.com/JavaChinna/spring-boot-rest-crud

Conclusion

That’s all folks! In this article, you’ve learned how to implement Spring Boot RESTful services for CRUD operations.

I hope you enjoyed this article. Thank you for reading.

Read Next: Integrating Swagger 2 with Spring Boot 2 RESTful API in 2 Simple Steps

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